LGBT Direct Action Bibliography, Chronology, and Inventory, 1975 – Marc Stein – October 2024

B = businesses

E = electoral politics, including politicians, public officials, and political parties

G = gay-ins and other LGBT gatherings

I = military, militarism, war

J = jails and prisons

M = media (newspapers, magazines, film, radio, television), arts, and culture

N = national, state, and local government policies and buildings, including courts

O = police

P = pride events, marches, parades, and protests

Q = LGBT targets, including organizations and businesses

R = religion, religious institutions, and religious policies

S = science, medicine, psychology, and psychiatry

U = universities, colleges, schools, and educational institutions

X = miscellaneous

1975

11 January 1975: Atlanta Lesbian Feminist Alliance participation in Equal Rights Amendment march in Atlanta. Primary sources: Beverly Adams, letter to the editor, The Macon News, 23 Jan. 1975, 4A. [N]

23 January 1975: Gay Students Union, Lesbian Sisterhood, and Coalition Against the Dehumanization of Children rally against planned clinic for “childhood gender problems” at the University of California, Los Angeles (36 participants). Primary sources: “A Demand to Stop ‘Gender Program,’” The Advocate, 12 Mar. 1975, 8. [U] [S]

3 March 1975: San Francisco Women’s Union, Berkeley-Oakland Women’s Union, Daughters of Bilitis, San Francisco Socialist Coalition, and Union Women’s Alliance to Gain Equality demonstration at San Francisco City Hall against police harassment at women’s bar (150 participants). Primary sources: “Dykes Defy Police,” Big Mama Rag, Apr. 1975, 4. [N] [O]

21 March 1975: GAA-NY and Lesbian Feminist Liberation demonstration to protest anti-LGBT article in Village Voice (100 participants). Primary sources: “‘Village Voice’ Picketed,” Gay Liberator, Apr. 1975, 3; George Whitmore, “Gay in the Liberal (?) Voice,” The Advocate, 10 Sep. 1975, 5. [M]

24-25 March 1975: LGBT sit-in and picketing at KCOP-TV in Los Angeles to protest anti-LGBT comments by comedian and talk show host Mort Sahl (60-75 participants). Primary sources: Jim Kepner, “Mort Sahl Stirs Gay Rage,” The Advocate, 23 Apr. 1975, 5; “Station Breaks,” Gay Liberator, Apr. 1975, 2; Gaylord, “Bits and Pieces,” Gay Scene, Aug. 1975, 10; Gaylord, “Bits and Pieces,” Gay Scene, Aug. 1975, 10; “Women’s Center Explains Their Politics,” Sister, Sep. 1975, 6. [M] [M]

March 1975: Gay Pride Community three-night picketing of gay bar in San Juan, Puerto Rico, to protest playing of  anti-LGBT “La Mariposa” record. Primary sources: “Butterflies Are Grounded,” The Advocate, 7 May 1975, 5. [B] [B] [B] [Q] [Q] [Q]

8 April 1975: Gay People’s Alliance picketing of Arizona state representative James Skelly’s Phoenix home for anti-LGBT comments at Arizona House of Representatives Health Committee hearings on gay marriage ban (3 participants). Primary sources: “Guards Oust Sex Bill Foe from Home,” The Arizona Republic, 10 Apr. 1975, B9; Shelley Singer, “Marriage: Arizona Battleground,” The Advocate, 7 May 1975, 5, 15; Patty Prado Duke, “A Warped Scenario Behind Marriage Bill,” The Advocate, 2  July 1975, 10, 11, 13. [N]

10 April 1975: Bay Village Neighborhood Association protest against efforts to close two Boston gay bars (100 participants). Primary sources: Abe Haruvi, “Bay Village Bars Blast Back,” Gay Community News, 26 Apr. 1975, 3. [B]

10-13 April 1975: Gay People’s Alliance rally and fast at Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix to protest passage of gay marriage ban by Arizona House of Representatives (50 participants). Primary sources: “Guards Oust Sex Bill Foe from Home,” The Arizona Republic, 10 Apr. 1975, B9; Shelley Singer, “Marriage: Arizona Battleground,” The Advocate, 7 May 1975, 5, 15; Patty Prado Duke, “A Warped Scenario Behind Marriage Bill,” The Advocate, 2  July 1975, 10, 11, 13. [N] [N] [N] [N]

April 1975: National Organization for Women protest at U.S. district court in Louisville against sodomy prohibition in new Kentucky penal code (43 participants). Primary sources: “Challenge Sodomy Laws,” The Advocate, 7 May 1975, 13. [N]

1-31 May 1975: LGBT strike and weekday demonstrations at Gay Community Services Center in Los Angeles after firing of LGBT workers (16 participants). Primary sources: Sasha Gregory-Lewis, “Success Hides Problems,” The Advocate, 18 June 1975, 11, 14; “Gay Workers Strike,” Gay Liberator, June 1975, 2; “One of the Beautiful,” Lesbian Front, June 1975, 4; Nonnie Morris Vishner, “Scab Talks,” The Advocate, 16 July 1975, 12; “LRU, Strikers Excluded,” Come Out Fighting, July 1975, 1, 7; “On Strike!,” Come Out Fighting, July 1975, 5, 6; “News from Los Angeles,” Lesbian Front, July 1975, 6; “On Strike!” Come Out Fighting, Aug. 1975, 2, 7; “A Very Unusual Strike,” Goodbye to All That, Aug. 1975, 2; “Los Angeles,” Lavender Woman, Aug. 1975, 15; “Women’s Center Explains Their Politics,” Sister, Sept. 1975, 6; “A Study of Power,” Come Out Fighting, Sept. 1975, 1, 4; “L.A. Center Strike Continues,” Gay Community News, 25 Oct. 1975, 6; Jinx Beers, letter to the editor, Sister, Oct. 1975, 20; “GCSC Strike,” Sister, Oct. 1975, 7; “In the Aftermath: The GCSC Strike!” Come Out Fighting, Dec. 1975, 1, 4; Woodwoman, “Liberal/Radical Splits L.A. Lesbians,” Big Momma Rag, Dec. 1975, 1, 12; “GCSC: Update,” Gay Liberator, Dec. 1975, 2; “Bits & Pieces,” Gay Liberator, Fall 1975, 3; “GSCS Strikers Say The Struggle Continues,” Come Out Fighting, Mar. 1976, 4. [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q]

5 May 1975: GAA-NY rally at City Hall Park in support of local gay rights bill (30 participants). Primary sources: “Homosexual Rally Pressures Council for a Rights Law,” New York Times, 6 May 1975, 33; “A Time to Demonstrate,” The Advocate, 18 June 1975, 8; “Gay March for Rights Law,” Gay Scene, June 1975, 3. [N]

19 May 1975: March to Governor Robert Straub’s press office in Salem, Oregon, to support passage of state gay rights bill. Primary sources: “Governor Responds,” The Advocate, 2 July 1975, 8. [N]

1-30 June 1975: LGBT strike and weekday demonstrations at Gay Community Services Center in Los Angeles after firing of LGBT workers (16 participants). Primary sources: Sasha Gregory-Lewis, “Success Hides Problems,” The Advocate, 18 June 1975, 11, 14; Nonnie Morris Vishner, “Scab Talks,” The Advocate, 16 July 1975, 12; “LRU, Strikers Excluded,” Come Out Fighting, July 1975, 1, 7; “On Strike!,” Come Out Fighting, July 1975, 5, 6; “News from Los Angeles,” Lesbian Front, July 1975, 6; “On Strike!” Come Out Fighting, Aug. 1975, 2, 7; Christopher Stone, “Service Work,” The Advocate, 10 Sep. 1975, 21; Sasha Gregory-Lewis, “Feminist Perspective,” The Advocate, 24 Sep. 1975, 21; Aldebaran, “Women’s Center Explains Their Politics,” Sister, Sept. 1975, 6; “A Study of Power,” Come Out Fighting, Sept. 1975, 1, 4; “L.A. Center Strike Continues,” Gay Community News, 25 Oct. 1975, 6; Jinx Beers, letter to the editor, Sister, Oct. 1975, 20; “GCSC Strike,” Sister, Oct. 1975, 7; Sasha Gregory-Lewis, “Looking Back at 1975: A Year to Remember,” 31 Dec. 1975, 11; “In the Aftermath: The GCSC Strike!” Come Out Fighting, Dec. 1975, 1, 4; Woodwoman, “Liberal/Radical Splits L.A. Lesbians,” Big Momma Rag, Dec. 1975, 1, 12; “GCSC: Update,” Gay Liberator, Dec. 1975, 2; “Bits and Pieces,” Gay Liberator, Fall 1975, 3; “GSCS Strikers Say The Struggle Continues,” Come Out Fighting, Mar. 1976, 4. [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q]

1 June 1975: Gay pride march from Rittenhouse Square to Independence Mall in Philadelphia (1000-1200 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Pride March,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 30 May 1975, 4; Bill Curry, “Going to the Shore?” Philadelphia Inquirer, 1 June 1975, 144; Steve Twomey, “1,200 Gays Attend Freedom Program,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 2 June 1975; “Rained on Parades,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 2 June 1975; “Calendar June,” The Advocate, 4 June 1975, 20-21; photographs, Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 6 June 1975, 1, 4; “Editor’s Corner,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 6 June 1975, 2; “Philadelphia March,” Gay Scene, June 1975, 3; John Zeh, “Footsoldiers,” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 30. [P]

10 June 1975: LGBT demonstration to protest San Francisco Board of Education’s refusal to add sexual orientation to anti-discrimination policy (70 participants). Primary sources: “School Board to Explain to Gay Teachers,” San Francisco Chronicle, 11 June 1975, 20; George Mendenhall, “S.F. Fight Heats Up,” The Advocate, 2 July 1975, 9. [N] [U]

17 June 1975: LGBT demonstration to protest San Francisco Board of Education’s refusal to add sexual orientation to anti-discrimination policy (350 participants). Primary sources: “School Board Approves A Gay Anti-Bias Policy,” San Francisco Chronicle, 18 June 1975, 7; George Mendenhall, “Teacher Rights Approved,” The Advocate, 16 July 1975, 4; Harvey Milk, “Milk Forum,” Bay Area Reporter, 18 Sep. 1975, 7. [N] [U]

21 June 1975: Detroit pride march from Cass Park to Kern Block (100 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Pride Week,” The Fifth Estate, 19 June 1975, 10; “Gay Pride Week,” Gay Liberator, June 1975, 2, 8-9; “Gay Pride Week ‘75 Celebrate!,” The Advocate, 2 July 1975, 14; Joe Baker, “Slow Motown,” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 30; “Detroit Gay Pride Week ’75,” Gay Liberator, Fall 1975, 1, 8-9. [P]

21 June 1975: Boston pride parade and rally at Parkman Bandstand on Boston Common (1000-2000 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Pride Week ‘75 Celebrate!,” The Advocate, 2 July 1975, 14; David Brill, “Liberty & Rhinos,” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 26; Charles Rivers, “Banks: From the Inside,” Gay Community News, 11 Oct. 1975, 8. [P]

22 June 1975: Pride march in Worcester, Massachusetts (150 participants). Primary sources: David Brill, “Liberty & Rhinos,” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 26. [P]

22 June 1975: Pittsburgh pride parade from Washington Place to Allegheny River Wharf. Primary sources: “Parade Through Golden Triangle Sunday, June 22, Pittsburgh Gay News, 7 June 1975, 24; “The Great Gay Parade,” Pittsburgh Gay News, 7 June 1975, 25; “Gay Pride Week ‘75 Celebrate!,” The Advocate, 2 July 1975, 14. [P]

24 June 1975: Pride rally at Civic Center Plaza in Chicago. Primary sources: “Chicago Gay Pride Plans Announced,” The Advocate, 12 Mar. 1975, 5; “Parade and Rally Wrap Up Pride Week,” Chicago Gay Life, July 1975, 1, 3; Valerie A. Bouchard, “Pride!” Chicago Gay Life, July 1975, 1, 3; letter to the editor, Chicago Gay Life, July 1975, 4. [P]

25 June 1975: LGBT protest against anti-LGBT comments by columnist Judd Arnett at the Detroit Free Press. Primary sources: Judd Arnett, “‘Gay Pride Week’ Is An Affront to Detroit,” Detroit Free Press, 24 June 1975, 8D; Judd Arnett, “You Suburbanites Need That Detroit Spirit Too,” Detroit Free Press, 27 June 1975, 12D; Judd Arnett, “O Peerless Leaders, Get Thee to a Livery Stable,” Detroit Free Press, 29 June 1975, 3D; letters to the editor, Detroit Free Press, 5 July 1975, 6A. [M]

27 June 1975: GAA-NJ Gay Pride Day in Hackensack (90 participants). Primary sources: “Calendar June,” The Advocate, 4 June 1975, 20-21; Tom Masland, “Gays Obtain Court Order, Stage Rally,” Record (Hackensack, NJ), 29 June 1975, 20. [P]

27 June 1975: LGBT gay pride week demonstration in Palmer Park against police harassment and LGBT bar sexism, racism, and classism in Detroit (300 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Pride Week,” The Fifth Estate, 19 June 1975, 10; “Gay Pride Week,” Gay Liberator, June 1975, 2, 8-9; “City Celebrates Gay Pride,” Ann Arbor Sun, 4 July 1975, 4; Joe Baker, “Slow Motown,” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 30. [B] [P] [O] [Q]

28 June 1975: Lesbian pride rally in New York City’s Central Park. Primary sources: K. J., “Lesbian Pride,” Gay Liberator, June 1975, 9; George Whitmore, “The Movement–Where Has It Gone?” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 11; “Lesbian Pride,” Gay Liberator, Fall 1975, 2. [P]

28 June 1975: Minneapolis pride parade and rally in Loring Park. Primary sources: “Gay Pride Week ‘75 Celebrate!,” The Advocate, 2 July 1975, 14; “Defeat Shows,” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 31. [P]

28 June 1975: LGBT rally at San Francisco Civic Center Plaza to protest proposed state referendum on gay rights (100 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Lib Rally Against Referendum,” San Francisco Examiner, 29 June 1975, 7. [N]

29 June 1975: Chicago Pride parade and rally in Lincoln Park (6000 participants). Primary sources: “Chicago Gay Pride Plans Announced,” The Advocate, 12 Mar. 1975, 5; “Calendar June,” The Advocate, 4 June 1975, 20-21; “Gay Pride Week ‘75 Celebrate!,” The Advocate, 2 July 1975, 14; “Parade and Rally Wrap Up Pride Week,” Chicago Gay Life, 4 July 1975, 1, 3; Valerie Bouchard, “Pride!” Chicago Gay Life, 4 July 1975, 1, 3; letter to the editor, Chicago Gay Life, 4 July 1975, 4; “Before All the Excitement,” Chicago Gay Life, 4 July 1975, 4; Jim Thomas, “Guest Editorial,” Chicago Gay Life, 4 July 1975, 4; Joe Parisi, “Sunday Smiles,” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 27; “The Many Faces of Gay Pride,” Chicago Gay Crusader, July 1975, 1-10, 12-14, 16-22. [P]

29 June 1975: Los Angeles Pride march and rally on Sunset Boulevard (5000 participants). Primary sources: “Woman to Head L.A. Pride Week,” The Advocate, 29 Jan. 1975, 5; “Permit Battle Starts,” The Advocate, 9 Apr. 1975, 15; Primary sources: “Gay Pride Week ‘75 Celebrate!,” The Advocate, 2 July 1975, 14; D. B. Goodstein, “The Publisher’s Opening Space,” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 3; Christopher Stone, “Circus?” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 17, 22; Sasha Gregory-Lewis, “Gay Pride,” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 17; Christopher Stone, “Gay, Gay World?”, The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 28-29; “Christopher St. West,” Come Out Fighting, July 1975, 1; Troy Perry, J. Atkinson, Jack Huff, and Roland C. Gaedke, “Pride’s Postscript,” The Advocate, 27 Aug. 1975, 54; April Allison, “Liberation Contingent Upstages CSWA,” Sisters, Aug. 1975, 10; “Liberation Contingent,” Come Out Fighting, Aug. 1975, 1, 4. [P]

29 June 1975: San Francisco Pride parade and rally (10,000 participants). Primary sources: “There’s Only One!” Bay Area Reporter, 15 May 1975, 9; “Community News: Rule For Gay Charity Carnival,” Bay Area Reporter, 29 May 1975, 7; “Calendar June,” The Advocate, 4 June 1975, 20-21; “Community News: Gay Liberation Rally At Civic Center Set,” Bay Area Reporter, 12 June 1975, 5; “Community News: Lavender U Joggers Salute Gay Freedom Day,” Bay Area Reporter, 12 June 1975, 6; “Gay Freedom Day Parade,” Bay Area Reporter, 26 June 1975, 8; Sal Dixon, “Polk St. Sally,” Bay Area Reporter, 26 June 1975, 42; Sal, “Don’t Forget,” Bay Area Reporter, 26 June 1975, 42; “Gay Freedom Day Parade,” Bay Area Reporter, 26 June 1975, 44; “Gay Charity Carnival,” Bay Area Reporter, 26 June 1975, 52; “10,000 in Gay Parade,” San Francisco Chronicle, 30 June 1975, 3; “Gay Pride Week ‘75 Celebrate!,” The Advocate, 2 July 1975, 14; Harvey Milk, “Milk Forum,” Bay Area Reporter, 10 July 1975, 8; Wally Rutherford, “Imperial Newsletter,” Bay Area Reporter, 10 July 1975, 20; Mister Marcus, “Southern Scandals,” Bay Area Reporter, 10 July 1975, 28; Sasha Gregory-Lewis, “Gay Pride,” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 17; George Mendenhall, “Great Gay Week,” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 18-21; Norm Weiner, letter to the editor, Vector, Sep. 1975, 7; Richard Boetger, letter to the editor, Vector, Sep. 1975, 7; Bernie Boyle, letter to the editor, Vector, Sep. 1975, 7; letters to the editor, Vector, Sep. 1975, 7-9; Dean Gengle, “G.F.U. A Solution for Some,” The Advocate, 22 Oct. 1975, 31; Stephen Sosnowski, letter to the editor, Vector, Oct. 1975, 7. [P]

29 June 1975: Gay pride march in New York (25,000 participants). Primary sources: “New York March,” Gay Scene, June 1975, 3; “Gay Pride Week ‘75 Celebrate!,” The Advocate, 2 July 1975, 14; “Gay Pride New York,” Weekly Philadephia Gayzette, 4 July 1975, 1; George Whitmore, “The Movement–Where Has It Gone?” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 11; Arnie Kantrowitz, “Pride, Joy, and Tears,” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 24, 25; D. D. Griffo, “D. D.’s New York,” Gay Scene, July 1975, 9; David L. Aiken, “Second Sergeant Comes Out,” The Advocate, 13 Aug. 1975, 9; Arnie Kantrowitz, “Evil Eyes & Genetic Pretzels,” The Advocate, 13 Aug. 1975, 31; Arnie Kantrowitz, “Snap, Snap!”, The Advocate, 27 Aug. 1975, 34; Rick Nielsen, “Dateline: New York,” Bay Area Reporter, 5 Sep. 1975, 22. [P]

June 1975: Five days of GAA-NY, Lesbian Feminist Liberation, and Metropolitan Community Church demonstrations at City Hall in support of New York City gay rights legislation (30-40 participants). Primary sources: “New York City,” Gay Liberator, June 1975, 1. [N] [N] [N] [N] [N]

June 1975: San Diego pride parade from Horton Plaza to Balboa Park. Primary sources: “Gay Pride Week ‘75 Celebrate!,” The Advocate, 2 July 1975, 14; “Calendar June,” The Advocate, 4 June 1975, 20-21. [P]

June 1975: Kansas City pride rally. Primary sources: “Gay Pride Week ‘75 Celebrate!,” The Advocate, 2 July 1975, 14. [P]

June 1975: Portland, Oregon, pride. Primary sources: “Gay Pride Week ‘75 Celebrate!,” The Advocate, 2 July 1975, 14. [P]

June 1975: Seattle pride rally. Primary sources: “Gay Pride Week ‘75 Celebrate!,” The Advocate, 2 July 1975, 14; “Calendar June,” The Advocate, 4 June 1975, 20-21. [P]

June 1975: Santa Cruz, California, pride parade. Primary sources: George Mendenhall, “Great Gay Week,” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 18-21. [P]

1-31 July 1975: LGBT strike and weekday demonstrations at Gay Community Services Center in Los Angeles after firing of LGBT workers. Primary sources: Nonnie Morris Vishner, “Scab Talks,” The Advocate, 16 July 1975, 12; “LRU, Strikers Excluded,” Come Out Fighting, July 1975, 1, 7; “On Strike!,” Come Out Fighting, July 1975, 5, 6; “News from Los Angeles,” Lesbian Front, July 1975, 6; “On Strike!” Come Out Fighting, Aug. 1975, 2, 7; “A Study of Power,” Come Out Fighting, Sept. 1975, 1, 4; Christopher Stone, “Service Work,” The Advocate, 10 Sep. 1975, 21; Sasha Gregory-Lewis, “Feminist Perspective,” The Advocate, 24 Sep. 1975, 21; Aldebaran, “Women’s Center Explains Their Politics,” Sister, Sept. 1975, 6; “L.A. Center Strike Continues,” Gay Community News, 25 Oct. 1975, 6; Jinx Beers, letter to the editor, Sister, Oct. 1975, 20; “GCSC Strike,” Sister, Oct. 1975, 7; Sasha Gregory-Lewis, “Looking Back at 1975: A Year to Remember,” 31 Dec. 1975, 11; “In the Aftermath: The GCSC Strike!” Come Out Fighting, Dec. 1975, 1, 4; Woodwoman, “Liberal/Radical Splits L.A. Lesbians,” Big Momma Rag, Dec. 1975, 1, 12; “GCSC: Update,” Gay Liberator, Dec. 1975, 2; “Bits and Pieces,” Gay Liberator, Fall 1975, 3; “GSCS Strikers Say The Struggle Continues,” Come Out Fighting, Mar. 1976, 4. [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] Note: five days/week in early July and three days/week in late July.

12 July 1975: GAA-NY march from Bryant Park to St. Patrick’s Cathedral to protest church opposition to Intro 544 (200-250 participants). Primary sources: “March on Cathedral,” The Advocate, 2 July 1975, 15; Charles Kaiser, “Marchers Back Homosexual Bill,” New York Times, 13 July 1975, 17; George Whitmore, “‘Stop Sucking and Start Biting,’” The Advocate, 13 Aug. 1975, 4; “Demo and Defeat,” Gay Liberator, June 1975, 8. [R]

30 July 1975: Kickoff Rally for AB 633 in Union Square, San Francisco, sponsored by Bay Area Reporter and Harry S. Truman Democratic Club (250-300 participants). Primary sources: “AB 633 Rally,” Bay Area Reporter, 7 Aug. 1975, 33. [N]

1-31 August 1975: LGBT strike and weekday demonstrations at Gay Community Services Center in Los Angeles after firing of LGBT workers. Primary sources: “On Strike!” Come Out Fighting, Aug. 1975, 2, 7; “A Study of Power,” Come Out Fighting, Sept. 1975, 1, 4; Christopher Stone, “Service Work,” The Advocate, 10 Sep. 1975, 21; Sasha Gregory-Lewis, “Feminist Perspective,” The Advocate, 24 Sep. 1975, 21; Aldebaran, “Women’s Center Explains Their Politics,” Sister, Sept. 1975, 6; “L.A. Center Strike Continues,” Gay Community News, 25 Oct. 1975, 6; Jinx Beers, letter to the editor, Sister, Oct. 1975, 20; “GCSC Strike,” Sister, Oct. 1975, 7; Sasha Gregory-Lewis, “Looking Back at 1975: A Year to Remember,” 31 Dec. 1975, 11; “In the Aftermath: The GCSC Strike!” Come Out Fighting, Dec. 1975, 1, 4; Woodwoman, “Liberal/Radical Splits L.A. Lesbians,” Big Momma Rag, Dec. 1975, 1, 12; “GCSC: Update,” Gay Liberator, Dec. 1975, 2; “Bits and Pieces,” Gay Liberator, Fall 1975, 3; “GSCS Strikers Say The Struggle Continues,” Come Out Fighting, Mar. 1976, 4. [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Note that it is not clear when the demonstrations ended.]

12 August 1975: National Gay Task Force demonstration in New York to protest screening of Coonskin (10 participants). Primary sources: Regina Kahney, “Film Zap,” The Advocate, 10 Sep. 1975, 9. [M]

12 August 1975: LGBT participation in San Francisco City Hall demonstration against police attack on White Panther Party. Primary sources: “White Panther Protest on City Hall Steps, San Francisco Chronicle, 13 Aug. 1975, 4. [O] [N]

16 August 1975: Society of Pat Rocco Enlightened Enthusiasts (SPREE) gay-in at Disneyland (65 participants). Primary sources: “Protest at Disneyland,” The Advocate, 24 Sep. 1975, 11. [B]

16 August 1975: GAA-Philadelphia demonstration at City Hall against police harassment (100 participants). Primary sources: Tommi, “GAA Protests Police Harassment,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 15 Aug. 1975, 1, 3; Harry Eberlin, “Gays Protest Police Harassment,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 22 Aug. 1975, 1, 2. [O] [N]

11 September 1975: LGBT protest at New York City Council meeting over defeat of gay rights bill. Primary sources: George Whitmore, “New York,” The Advocate, 22 Oct. 1975, 43-44. [N]

19 September 1975: LGBT rally in San Francisco in solidarity with Chilean democracy movement. Primary sources: “Gays Rally for Chilean Resistance,” Philadelphia Gay News, 1 Nov. 1975, B7. [X]

20 September 1975: Bay Area Gay Liberation picketing of Mine Shaft bar in San Francisco over racist and anti-trans practices (60 participants). Primary sources: Randy Alfred, “BAGL, Mindshaft Agree,” The Advocate, 22 Oct. 1975, 14. [B] [Q]

21 September 1975: Gay Political Caucus rally in Cherryhurst Park in Houston (500 participants). Primary sources: “GPC Voter Drive,” The Advocate, 22 Oct. 1975, 21; Hugh Crell et al, “Local Perspectives: The Correspondents’ View,” The Advocate, 31 Dec. 1975, 26-31. [X]

September 1975: LGBT demonstration at St. Patrick’s Cathedral to protest Catholic Church opposition to local gay rights bill (30 participants). Primary sources: “Homosexuals Picket Cathedral,” New York Times, 22 Sept. 1975, 37. [R]

September 1975: Bay Area Gay Liberation zap of Mine Shaft bar in San Francisco over anti-union, racist, and anti-trans practices (70 participants). Primary sources: “Water Bagls,” San Francisco Chronicle, 10 Sep. 1975, 29. [B] [Q]

20 and 21 October 1975: Sit-ins by two lesbians at Illinois marriage license bureau in Chicago after they were denied a marriage license (2 participants; 2 arrests). Primary sources: “Lesbians Jailed in Marriage Protest at County Building,” Chicago Gay Life, 29 Oct. 1975, 1, 6; “Sit-ins Have Dubious Results,” Chicago Gay Life, 29 Oct. 1975, 1; “A Complete Report of the Davis-Schneiter Story,” Chicago Gay Life, 29 Oct. 1975, 8; “Chicago Lesbian Couple Sits-In,” Pittsburgh Gay News, 1 Nov. 1975, B1; “Marriage Update,” Gay Community News, 5 Dec. 1975, 2; “Ding Dong, the Belles Are Gonna Chime,” New Women’s Times, 15 Dec. 1976, 7; “Lesbians Seeking to Wed Abandon Protest in Light of Gay Resistance,” Pittsburgh Gay News, 6 Dec. 1975, 5; “National News,” Sister, Jan. 1976, 1. [N] [N]

20 October 1975: LGBT rally at SF City Hall to protest anti-LGBT comments by police captain about suitability of LGBT people for police work (200 participants). Primary sources: “S.F. Gays Find Bias in Policle Captain’s Remark,” San Francisco Chronicle, 21 Oct. 1975, 4; “Gays Protest Police Captain’s Slur,” Gay Scene, Dec. 1975, 5. [N] [O]

23 October 1975: Lesbian Feminist Liberation and Gay Media Coalition demonstration and sit-in at Miller Brewing Co. in New York City to protest sponsorship of NBC re-broadcast of “Born Innocent.” Primary sources: “NBC Movie Reply Sparks More Protests,” Big Mamma Rag, Dec. 1975, 4, 15. [B] [M]

24 October 1975: LGBT protest at Miller Brewing Co. in Nashville to protest sponsorship of NBC re-broadcast of “Born Innocent.” Primary sources: “NBC Movie Reply Sparks More Protests,” Big Mamma Rag, Dec. 1975, 4, 15. [B] [M]

October 1975: 24 Gay Nurses Association sit-in at NBC affiliate in San Diego to protest re-broadcast of “Born Innocent.” Primary sources: “NBC Movie Reply Sparks More Protests,” Big Mamma Rag, Dec. 1975, 4, 15. [M]

12 November 1975: New American Movement-Pittsburgh march and demonstration at Pennsylvania State Office Building against anti-LGBT legislation passed by Pennsylvania Senate and vetoed by Governor Milton Shapp (100-125 participants). Primary sources: “Gay and Straight: Gay and Straight Organize Against the State,” Gay Liberator, Fall 1975, 8; “Left, Labor Protest Anti-Gay Bill,” Gay Community News, 13 Dec. 1975, 3; Rich Marquart, “Diverse Assembly of Protestors Picket State Bldg.,” Philadephia Gay News, Dec. 1975, 3, 4; “Sexually Repressive Bill Brings Public Outcry,” Amazon, Dec. 1975, 15; “Pro-Gay Demonstration,” Her-Self, Feb. 1976, 4; “What’s Missing?” Hera, 2 Feb. 1976 (Candlemas), 6. [N]

15 November 1975: Gays for Political and Social Freedom march in Asbury Park, NJ (50 participants). Primary sources: Robert S. Stokes, “Homosexuals Discuss ‘Going Public,’” Asbury Park Press, 16 November 1975, 72. [X]

15-21 November 1975: Catholics for Gay Rights zap of meeting of Roman Catholic bishops in Washington, D.C. Primary sources: “Zap on Bishops,” The Advocate, 4 June 1975, 17. [R]

22 November 1975: Gay Participation Committee participation in National Student Coalition Against Racism national picketing campaign to protest racism and promote desegregation of Boston public schools. Primary sources: Robert Rosenberg, “Gays Discuss Racism,” Gay Community News, 25 Oct. 1975, 3; Ken Withers, “Matlovich–Fighting Racism,” The Advocate, 19 Nov. 1975, 18. [N] [U]

November 1975: Union of Sexual Minorities demonstration at Seattle police headquarters to protest anti-LGBT police harassment and mistreatment (50 participants). Primary sources: “Seattle Gays Split Left and Right,” Gay Liberator, Fall 1975, 9. [O]

1-3 December 1975: Gay Raiders sit-in and hunger strike at Philadelphia City Hall to protest inaction on city gay rights legislation (4 participants). Primary sources: “Activist Sit-in Seeks Rights Vote,” Courier-Post (Cherry Hill, NJ), 1 Dec. 1975, 15; Gunter David, “Activist…Hunger…City Hall,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 2 Dec. 1975; “Official Still Firm About Gays’ Bill,” Asbury Park Press, 2 Dec. 1975, 6; Gloria Campisi, “Angry Gays Get Cold Shoulder,” Philadelphia Daily News, 3 Dec. 1975, 3; “Segal Leaps to Defense of Gay Pals,” Philadelphia Daily News, 5 Dec. 1975, 17; “Gay Activists, Police Clash at City Hall,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 5 Dec. 1975, 17. [N] [N] [N]

4 December 1975: LGBT demonstration, led by Dyketactics and Gay Raiders, for gay rights legislation at Philadelphia City Council and Council President George Schwartz’s office (60-75 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Leader Plans Protest at City Hall,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 1 Dec. 1975, B7; Gunter David, “Gay Rightists Fight Police,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 4 Dec. 1975; “75 Gay Activists Disrupt Council, Protest Delays on Rights Bill,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 5 Dec. 1975, B2; “Segal Leaps to Defense of Gay Pals,” Philadelphia Daily News, 5 Dec. 1975, 17; “Gay Activists, Police Clash at City Hall,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 5 Dec. 1975, 17; “Homosexual Demonstration Disrupts Council Meeting,” New York Times, 5 Dec. 1975, 83; “Gays Disrupt Council Meeting,” Courier-Post (Cherry Hill, NJ), 5 Dec. 1975, 25; “Dyketactics! A Statement,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 12 Dec. 1975, 1, 3; “Tommi,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 12 Dec. 1975, 3; Len Lear, “Gays Plan Police Brutality Suit,” Philadelphia Tribune, 16 Dec. 1975, 5; Marci Shatzman, “Lesbians Sue Police, Charge Brutality,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 19 Dec. 1975, 52; “Lesbian-Feminists Molested by Phila. City Hall Goon Squad,” Hera, Dec. 1975, 1; “In the Eyes of the Law, All Uppity Women Are Lesbians,” Hera, Dec. 1975, 1, 9; Denise Keiller, “Dyketactics! Files CD Squad Suit,” Philadelphia Gay News, 3 Jan. 1976, A15; Karen Martin, “Demonstrators Ejected at City Council,” Philadelphia Gay News, 3 Jan. 1976, A3; Karen Martin, “Phily Demonstrators Ejected After City Council Disruption,” Pittsburgh Gay News, 3 Jan. 1976, A6; “Gay Confrontation,” Plexus, Jan. 1976, 5; “Lesbians Zap City Council,” Big Momma Rag, Jan. 1976, 5; “Dyketactics!” Amazon, Feb. 1976, 12; “Dyketactics Files Suit Against Fencel and City,” Philadelphia Gay News, Mar. 1976, A3, A7; “Dyketactics,” Hard Labor, Winter 1976, 19; “Dyketactics,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 14 May 1976, 3, 4; Tommi, “Dyketactics Trial,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 11 June 1976, 3; “Dyketactics Update: Trial Date Set for Sept.,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 23 July 1976, 1; Tommi Avicolli, “Dyketactics Begin Trial,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 30 Aug. 1976, 3; “Lesbian Suit Underway,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 15 Sep. 1976; Harmon Y. Gordon, “Slurs Flew, Then Fists, Lesbian Tells Beating Trial,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 21 Sep. 1976; Harmon Y. Gordon, “Woman Explains Kissing in Council,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 22 Sep. 1976; Tommi Avicolli, “Dyketactics Loses Case Against Police,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 24 Sep. 1976, 3; Harmon Y. Gordon, “Phila. Police Handled Lesbians Legally, Jury Rules,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 29 Sep. 1976; Jan Schaffer, “Lesbians’ Claim Is Rejected,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 29 Sep. 1976, 13; Betti Watts, “DykeTactics Sue,” Philadelphia Gay News, Oct. 1976, 5, 19, 27; Betti Watts, “Dyketactics! Loses,” Philadelphia Gay News, Nov. 1976, 2; “Police Brutality Sanctioned Again,” Hera, Winter 1976, 5. [N]

7 December 1975: March from Metropolitan Community Church to Federal Building in Los Angeles to protest U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service’s rejection of spousal visa for Australian Anthony Sullivan, married to U.S. citizen Richard Adams (200 participants). Primary sources: “M.C.C. News,” Bay Area Reporter, 11 Dec. 1975, 6; “Gay Marries Gay, Is Still Denied Citizenship,” Pittsburgh Gay News, 3 Jan. 1976, B1. [N]

31 December 1975: “Lesbian Feminist Visibility” protest at the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia. Primary sources: “What’s Missing?” Hera, 1976, 6. [N]