LGBT Direct Action Bibliography, Chronology, and Inventory, 1965-68 – Marc Stein – October 2024

B = businesses

E = electoral politics, including politicians, public officials, and political parties

G = gay-ins and other LGBT gatherings

I = military, militarism, war

J = jails and prisons

M = media (newspapers, magazines, film, radio, television), arts, and culture

N = national, state, and local government policies and buildings, including courts

O = police

P = pride events, marches, parades, and protests

Q = LGBT targets, including organizations and businesses

R = religion, religious institutions, and religious policies

S = science, medicine, psychology, and psychiatry

U = universities, colleges, schools, and educational institutions

X = miscellaneous

1965

17 April 1965: Mattachine Society of Washington demonstration against U.S. and Cuban anti-LGBT discrimination at the White House (10 participants). Primary sources: “Cross-currents,” The Ladder, May 1965, 22; “Mattachine Pickets White House,” Citizens News, May 1965, 16; Warren D. Adkins and Dennis Livingstone, “‘We’re on the Move Now,” Eastern Mattachine Magazine, June 1965, 4-7; Oscar Marlowe, “Homos on the March,” Confidential, Oct. 1965, 35, 58-61; “Picketing: The Pros and Cons,” The Ladder, May 1966, 14-19; Peter Ogren, “The Sources of Gay Pride,” GAY, 5 July 1971, 6; David L. Aiken, “Gay is Now Okay in 2.6 Million Federal Jobs,” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 4-5. [N]

18 April 1965: Mattachine Society of New York demonstration against U.S. and Cuban anti-LGBT discrimination at the United Nations/Hammarskjold Plaza (29 participants). Primary sources: “Cross-currents,” The Ladder, May 1965, 22; “Mattachine Pickets White House,” Citizens News, May 1965, 16; Warren D. Adkins and Dennis Livingstone, “‘We’re on the Move Now,” Eastern Mattachine Magazine, June 1965, 4-7; Jackie Vale, “Homosexuals Picket LBJ for Equal Rights!” National Insider, 18 July 1965, 1; Oscar Marlowe, “Homos on the March,” Confidential, Oct. 1965, 35, 58-61; “Picketing: The Pros and Cons,” The Ladder, May 1966, 14-19. [N]

25 April-2 May 1965: Two LGBT sit-ins and five days of Janus Society leafletting against denials of service to LGBT people at Dewey’s restaurant in Philadelphia (10 participants, 4 arrests). Primary sources: Janus Society Newsletter, May 1965, 1-2; “News: Philadelphia,” Drum, Aug. 1965, 5-6; D. E., letter to the editor, Drum, Nov. 1965, 36. [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B]

29 May 1965: Mattachine Society of Washington and East Coast Homophile Organizations demonstration against antigay government discrimination at the White House (12-13 participants). Primary sources: “Homosexuals Stage Protest in Capital,” New York Times, 30 May 1965, 42; “Pickets Demand Fair Treatment for Homosexuals,” Washington Star, 30 May 1965; “Pickets Call Nation Unfair to Deviates,” New York Daily News, 30 May 1965, 6; Jackie Vale, “Homosexuals Picket LBJ for Equal Rights!” National Insider, 18 July 1965, 1; “Tangents,” ONE, July 1965, 13; “White House Picketed Again,” Eastern Mattachine Magazine, July 1965, 23; “Homosexuals Picket in Nation’s Capital,” The Ladder, July 1965, 23-25; “Wash. Mattachine Lines Out Picketing Regulations There,” Citizens News, Aug. 1965, 2; “Picketing: The Pros and Cons,” The Ladder, May 1966, 14-19. [N]

26 June 1965: Mattachine Society of Washington and East Coast Homophile Organizations demonstration against antigay employment discrimination at the U.S. Civil Service Commission (25 participants). Primary sources: “Will You Demonstrate?” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, May 1965, 3; “Homosexuals Picket in Nation’s Capital,” The Ladder, July 1965, 23-25; “Homosexuals Picket U.S. Civil Service Commission,” Eastern Mattachine Magazine, Aug. 1965, 21-22; “Wash. Mattachine Lines Out Picketing Regulations There,” Citizens News, Aug. 1965, 2; Franklin Kameny, “Homosexuals Picket in Washington and Philadelphia,” Eastern Mattachine Magazine, Sept. 1965, 19-21; front cover photograph, The Ladder, Oct. 1965; “Picketing: The Pros and Cons,” The Ladder, May 1966, 14-19; “Picketing: The Results,” The Ladder, May 1966, 19; David L. Aiken, “Gay is Now Okay in 2.6 Million Federal Jobs,” The Advocate, 30 July 1975, 4-5. [N]

4 July 1965: East Coast Homophile Organizations demonstration against denials of LGBT rights, freedoms, and equality at Independence Hall in Philadelphia (30-50 participants). Primary sources: “Throngs Enjoy Sun, Shore on the Fourth,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 5 July 1965, 1; “Homosexuals Picket Independence Hall, Philadelphia Tribune, 6 July 1965, 4; The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, July 1965, 1-2; “July 4^th: Independence Hall,” Eastern Mattachine Magazine, Aug. 1965, 4-5; “Wash. Mattachine Lines Out Picketing Regulations There,” Citizens News, Aug. 1965, 2; Franklin Kameny, “Homosexuals Picket in Washington and Philadelphia,” Eastern Mattachine Magazine, Sept. 1965, 19-21; “Picketing: The Pros and Cons,” The Ladder, May 1966, 14-19; Marty Stephan, “Bitch: Summer’s Not Forever,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 12. [N]

31 July 1965: Mattachine Society of Washington demonstration against anti-LGBT discrimination in the U.S. military at the Pentagon (16 participants). Primary sources: Franklin Kameny, ; The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, July 1965, 1-2; “Homosexuals Picket in Washington and Philadelphia,” Eastern Mattachine Magazine, Sept. 1965, 19-21; back cover photograph, The Ladder, Oct. 1965; “Picketing: The Pros and Cons,” The Ladder, May 1966, 14-19. [I]

28 August 1965: Mattachine Society of Washington and East Coast Homophile Organizations demonstration against anti-LGBT discrimination at the State Department (14 participants). Primary sources: “Rusk Probed on Picketing,” The Ladder, Oct. 1965, 18; Franklin Kameny, “State Department Picketed,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Nov. 1965, 20-21; “Picketing: The Pros and Cons,” The Ladder, May 1966, 14-19. [N]

26 September 1965: LGBT demonstration against Episcopalian Church mistreatment of Canon Robert Cromey at Grace Cathedral in San Francisco (12-50 participants). Primary sources: “Outspoken Canon Loses a Post,” San Francisco Chronicle, 25 Sept. 1965, 27; “Pickets Besiege Grace Cathedral,” San Francisco Chronicle, 27 Sept. 1965, 1, 7; “People,” San Francisco Examiner, 3 Oct. 1965, 4; “Grace Cathedral Picketed,” The Living Church, 10 Oct. 1965, 1; Robert Warren Cromey, letter to the editor, The Living Church, 31 Oct. 1965, 22; “Grace Cathedral Picketed,” Vector, Oct. 1965, 1, 11; “Pickets,” Cruise News & World Report, Oct. 1965, 6; “Tangents,” Tangents, Nov. 1965, 21; “A Brief of Injustices,” The Ladder, Nov. 1965, 4-5. [R]

23 October 1965: Mattachine Society of Washington and East Coast Homophile Organizations demonstration against anti-LGBT discrimination at the White House (45 participants). Primary sources: Kay Tobin, “Picketing: The Impact & the Issues,” The Ladder, Sept. 1965, 4-8; “New Picketing of White House,” Cruise News & World Report, Nov. 1965, 19; “Washington Protest,” Vector, Dec. 1965, 1; Franklin Kameny, “White House Picketed,” Homosexual Citizen, Jan. 1966, 12-13; Eva Friend, “Yet Another Picket,” Homosexual Citizen, Jan. 1966, 13-14; “Picketing: The Pros and Cons,” The Ladder, May 1966, 14-19. [N]

1966

21 April 1966: Mattachine Society of New York “sip-in” to challenge New York state’s anti-LGBT bar regulations at Julius Bar (3 participants). Primary sources: “3 Deviates Invite Exclusion by Bars,” New York Times, 22 Apr. 1966, 43; Charles Grutzner, “S.L.A. Won’t Act Against Bars Refusing Service to Deviates,” New York Times, 26 Apr. 1966, 55; Jay Levin and Normand Poirier, “Three Test Law That Bars Drinks for Homosexuals,” New York Post, Apr. 1966; “City May Act on Bars Which Refuse Deviates,” New York Post, May 1966; “New York Sip-In,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, May 1966, 3; Lucy Komisar, “Three Homosexuals in Search of a Drink,” Village Voice, 5 May 1966, 15; “Homosexuals in NY Test Law on Assembly,” Cruise News & World Report, June 1966, 11; “Homosexuals Demand to be Served,” Homosexual Citizen, June 1966, 9; Charles Alverson, “A Minority’s Plea: U.S. Homosexuals Gain in Trying to Persuade Society to Accept Them,” Wall Street Journal, 17 Jul. 1968, 1, 23. [B] [N] [Q]

21 May 1966: Committee to Fight Exclusion of Homosexuals from the Armed Forces demonstrations, motorcades, and rallies in Berkeley (Sproul Hall), Los Angeles (downtown motorcade), New York City (Central Plaza Hall Annex), Philadelphia (Naval Yard), San Francisco (Federal Building, 40-300 participants), and Washington, D.C. (White House and Pentagon, 17 participants). Primary sources: “National Protest Day,” Citizens News, Feb. 1966, 1 and foldback; Clark P. Polak, “Homophile Conference,” Drum, Apr. 1966, 25-26; “U.S. Homophile Movement Gains National Strength,” The Ladder, Apr. 1966, 4-5; “Homosexuals Open Drive to Serve in Armed Forces,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 17 Apr. 1966, 35; Peter Bart, “War Role Sought for Homosexuals,” New York Times, 17 Apr. 1966, 12; “Homosexuals Ask for Military Duty,” San Francisco Chronicle, 18 Apr. 1966, 16; Paul Coates, “Problem for Army,” Los Angeles Times, 24 Apr. 1966, ?; “Homosexuals to Demand Right to Serve Their Country,” Cruise News & World Report, Apr. 1966, 10; “Homosexuals and the Armed Forces,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 15 May 1966, 114; “Homosexuals and the Armed Forces,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 18 May 1966, 36; “Homosexuals Rally for Equal Draft,” Berkeley Barb, 20 May 1966, 1, 10; David Sanford, “Boxed In,” New Republic, 21 May 1966, 8-9; “Homosexuals and the Armed Forces,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 21 May 1966, 14; “Deviates Demand the Right to Serve,” San Francisco Examiner, 22 May 1966, 3; “Armed Forces Day,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, May 1966, 1-2; “Protest Day May 21,” Daughters of Bilitis San Francisco Newsletter, May 1966, 1-2; “Armed Forces Day,” Vector, May 1966, 3; Don Slater, “Protest on Wheels,” Tangents, May 1966, 4-8; “Homosexuals Protest Draft Exclusion,” Vector, June 1966, 1, 6; “President Speaks,” Vector, June 1966, 2; “News,” Drum (nos. 18-19), c. June 1966, 27-28; John Marshall, “May 21^st Nationwide Protest,” Homosexual Citizen, June 1966, 3-4; “Rally to Protest Exclusion of Homosexuals from the Armed Forces,” Cruise News & World Report, June 1966, 5-8; “The Protest: A Qualified Success,” Citizens News, July 1966, 1, 4, 9; “Protests,” Janus Society Newsletter, July 1966, 2; John Marshall, “Nationwide Attack on Draft Injustices,” Homosexual Citizen, July 1966, 5-8; Franklin Kameny, “Marching to the Pentagon,” Homosexual Citizen, July 1966, 8-9; “Philadelphia,” Drum, no. 23, c. Jan. 1967, 25. [I] [I] [I] [I] [I] [I] [N] [N] [N] [N] [U]

2 July 1966: Brooklyn Heights Mattachine Society demonstration against anti-LGBT bias, censorship, and discrimination at Brooklyn Heights Press (20 participants). Primary sources: Herman Slade, “Brooklyn Heights Mattachine Society,” Homosexual Citizen, Sept. 1966, 12-13; “Leitsch Visits Brooklyn,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Sept. 1968, 8. [M]

4 July 1966: Annual Reminder demonstration, sponsored by Association for Responsible Citizenship, Homosexual Law Reform Society, Mattachine Midwest, Mattachine Society of New York, Mattachine Society of Washington, and Phoenix Society for Individual Freedom, at Independence Hall in Philadelphia (50 participants). Primary sources: “July 4^th Demonstration,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, June 1966, 2; “July 4^th Demonstration,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, July 1966, 3; “Protests,” Janus Society Newsletter, July 1966, 2; “Philadelphia Here We Come,” Cruise News & World Report, July 1966, 1; “Reminder Demonstration Success,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Aug. 1966, 9; Denny, “Homophile Freedom Song,” Homosexual Citizen, Sept. 1966, 14-15; George Ingram, “Rainy Weather Gives Some Relief to Fencl, ‘Disobedience’ Squad,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 10 November 1968, 33, 35. [N]

18 July 1966: Vanguard demonstration against anti-LGBT mistreatment and police harassment at Compton’s Cafeteria in San Francisco (25 participants). Primary sources: Herb Caen, “Light Summer Reading,” San Francisco Chronicle, 20 July 1966, 21; “Young Homos Picket Compton’s Restaurant,” Cruise News & World Report, Aug. 1966, 1 and foldback; Laurence Tate, “Exiles of Sin, Incorporated,” Berkeley Barb, 11 Nov. 1966, 5; The Christopher Street West-SF Parade Committee 1972, “History of Christopher Street West-S.F.,” Gay Pride – San Francisco, 25 Jun. 1972, 8-9; Herb Caen, “The Herbaceous Boarder,” San Francisco Chronicle, 31 Aug. 1972, 29. [B] [O]

August 1966: LGBT riot against anti-LGBT mistreatment and police harassment at Compton’s Cafeteria in San Francisco. Primary sources: Herb Caen, “Light Summer Reading,” San Francisco Chronicle, 20 July 1966, 21; “Young Homos Picket Compton’s Restaurant,” Cruise News & World Report, Aug. 1966, 1 and foldback; Laurence Tate, “Exiles of Sin, Incorporated,” Berkeley Barb, 11 Nov. 1966, 5; The Christopher Street West-SF Parade Committee 1972, “History of Christopher Street West-S.F.,” Gay Pride – San Francisco, 25 Jun. 1972, 8-9; Herb Caen, “The Herbaceous Boarder,” San Francisco Chronicle, 31 Aug. 1972, 29; Reverend Raymond Broshears, “Thoughts and Opinions,” Bay Area Reporter, 8 Jan. 1976, 7-8. [B] [O]

1 and 4 September 1966: Association for Responsible Citizenship, Daughters of Bilitis, Society for Individual Rights, Tavern Guild, Council on Religion and the Homosexual, and Straight and Associates demonstrations at the California State Fair in Sacramento (20-30 participants). Primary sources: “CRH Accepts ARC Proposal for State Fair Booth,” ARC News, June 1966, 3; “Homosexual Group Fights Ban at Fair,” San Francisco Chronicle, 22 Aug. 1966, 1, 8; “State Fair Homosexual Ban Upheld,” San Francisco Chronicle, 23 Aug. 1966, 2; “Homosexual Ban Will Go to Court,” San Francisco Chronicle, 24 Aug. 1966, 9; Jackson Doyle, “Hearing Set on Homosexual Information Booth at Fair,” San Francisco Chronicle, 25 Aug. 1966, 24; “The Week’s News in Review,” San Francisco Examiner, 28 Aug. 1966, 148; “Homosexual Booth at State Fair,” Vector, Aug. 1966, 1; Jackson Doyle, “Homosexual Dispute: Leaflet Flurry at Fair Gates,” San Francisco Chronicle, 2 Sept. 1966, 3; “State Fair Booth Cancelled,” Vector, Sept. 1966, 1, 9; “Every Tenth Person Is A Homosexual!” The Ladder, Oct. 1966, 21-22; “The Picture Story at the State Fair,” Cruise News & World Report, Oct. 1966, 12. [N] [N]

10 September 1966: San Francisco Planning and Urban Renewal Association San Francisco Week rally with Vanguard speaker (and predictions about future riots) at Union Square. Primary sources: Norman Melnick, “Gripes and Boquets: Everybody Speaks Out at SPUR Rally,” San Francisco Examiner, 11 Sept. 1966, 6. [X]

1 October 1966: Mattachine Midwest demonstration against anti-LGBT bias, censorship, and discrimination at Chicago Daily News and Chicago Sun-Times (4 participants). Primary sources: Irv Kupcinet, “Kup’s Column,” Chicago Sun-Times, 29 Sept. 1966, 106; Bill Kelley, “Radio, Leaflets, Ads Mark Oct. 1,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Oct. 1966, 7. [M]

October 1966: Vanguard “sweep-in” to protest conditions in San Francisco’s Tenderloin (40 participants). “Sweep-In,” Vanguard, Oct. 1966, 4-5. [X]

1967

11 February 1967: Personal Rights in Defense and Education (PRIDE) demonstration against police brutality at Black Cat bar (200-500 participants). Primary sources: “Editorial,” Tangents, Jan. 1967, 2; “Harassment,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Jan. 1967, 9; Jim Highland, “Raid!” Tangents, Jan. 1967, 4-7; “Monster of a Protest Set for Saturday,” Los Angeles Free Press, 10 Feb. 1967, 1, 5; Herb Donaldson, “L.A. Gay Bar Harassment,” Vector, Feb. 1967, 1, 6; Larry Powell, “Cops Start Bar Brawl,” PRIDE Newsletter, Feb. 1967, 1, 5. 6; “PRIDE Demonstration,” PRIDE Newsletter, Feb. 1967, 1; “Cops Start Bar Brawl,” PRIDE Newsletter, Feb. 1967, 1, 5, 6; John Bryan, “Police Outrages Help Create Los Angeles Homosexual Rights Drive,” Los Angeles Free Press, 10 Mar. 1967, 5; Franklin Kameny, “Sad Celebration in L.A. Gay Bars,” Homosexual Citizen, Mar. 1967, 3-6; P. Lane, “Los Angeles Police Win First Round in Brutality Cases,” Vector, Mar. 1967, 3, 22; P. Lane, “Pickets Protest Police Sadists,” Vector, Mar. 1967, 20; “Judge Acquits Beating Victim in ‘New Faces’ Raid,” PRIDE Newsletter, July 1967, 1, 4; “Court Affirms Black Cat Convictions; Higher Appeal Set,” Los Angeles Advocate, Sept. 1967, 2; Webster Schott, “Civil Rights and the Homosexual: A 4-Million Minority Asks for Equal Rights,” New York Times Magazine, 12 Nov. 1967, 44-45, 49-54, 59; “Year-Old Black Cat Case Still Has Three Lives,” Los Angeles Advocate, Jan. 1968, 1, 4; “Black Cat Case: A Good Sign,” Los Angeles Advocate, May 1968, 2; “Supreme Court Turns Down Black Cat Case,” Los Angeles Advocate, Nov. 1968, 3; Mel Holt, “‘Black Cat’ Revisited,” Los Angeles Advocate, Jan. 1969, 17; Jeff Buckley, “Los Angeles ’69,” Vector, July 1969, 10-11; Steve Ginsburg, letter to the editor, San Francisco Free Press, Apr. 1970, 6; Jim Kepner, “When Did Gay Militancy Begin,” The Advocate, 23 Dec. 1971, 2, 10. [B] [O] [Q]

4 July 1967: LGBT “Annual Reminder” demonstration at Independence Hall in Philadelphia (25-30 participants). Primary sources: “An Uneventful Demonstration,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, July 1967, 1-2; “Pickets Aid Homosexuals,” New York Times, 5 July 1967, 5; Rose DeWolf, “Another Minority Bids for Equality,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 6 July 1967, 3; “July 4^th: 3^rd Annual Reminder Picket,” The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, Aug. 1967, 1; “News,” Drum, Sept. 1967, 7; Webster Schott, “Civil Rights and the Homosexual: A 4-Million Minority Asks for Equal Rights,” New York Times, 12 Nov. 1967, 44-45, 49-54, 59. [N]

21 October 1967: LGBT demonstration led by Sir Lady Java against Los Angeles gender impersonation law at Redd Foxx Club (25 participants). Primary sources: Gertrude Gipson, “Candid Comments,” Los Angeles Sentinel, 26 Oct. 1967, B8; Walter Bailey, “Pearl Bailey—Cab Calloway ‘Hello, Dolly!’?” Philadelphia Tribune, 4 Nov. 1967, 22; “That’s Life,” Jet, 16 Nov. 1967, 37; “Sir Lady Java Fights Fuzz-y Rule Nine,” Los Angeles Advocate, Nov. 1967, 1, 2; “While Lady Java Is Stymied,” Los Angeles Advocate, Feb. 1968, 3; Jack Foster, “Police OK Full Drag,” Los Angeles Advocate, Feb. 1969, 1. [B] [N]

1968

23 April 1968: Columbia University Student Homophile League demonstration against anti-LGBT bias and exclusion at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons panel on homosexuality. Primary sources: Robert Russell, letter to the editor, Berkeley Barb, 25 Apr. 1969, 7; “Campus Liberation,” Gay Activist, June 1971, 11. [S] [U]

8 May 1968: Bucks County Community College student demonstration against cancellation of Mattachine Society speaker in Newtown, Pennsylvania (200 participants). Primary sources: “College to Discuss Homosexual Unit,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 3 May 1968, 4; “College to Discuss Homosexual Unit,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 5 May 1968, 209; “Homosexual Club Head to Speak,” County Collegian, 7 May 1968, 1; “Homosexual Talk KOd,” Bucks County Courier Times, 9 May 1968, 3; “Students Protest at Bucks College,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 10 May 1968, 35; “Bucks College Cancels Talk; Protest Mild,” Doylestown Daily Intelligencer, 10 May 1968, 3; Scoop Lewis, “Collegians Protest Ban of Homosexual,” Bucks County Courier Times, 10 May 1968, 43; An Education Suppressed, letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 14 May 1968, 6; E. Stanley Rittenhouse, letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 14 May 1968, 6; Martha Van Atta, “Students Stage Protest Demonstration: But Then Cooled It,” County Collegian, 14 May 1968, 1, 3; Kurt Weidner, “Students Hear ‘The Topic’ Discussed in Rump Session,” County Collegian, 14 May 1968, 1, 2; “Queries Put to Dean Lee,” County Collegian, 14 May 1968, 1; E. Stanley Rittenhouse, letter to the editor, Doylestown Daily Intelligencer, 16 May 1968, 4; “Collegians Re-Slate Homosexual,” Bucks County Courier Times, 16 May 1968, 1, 14; “BCCC Unit to Handle Odd Woes,” Doylestown Daily Intelligencer, 16 May 1968, 1; “Bucks Officials Told to Stem ‘Filth’ Wave Periling College,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 16 May 1968, Northeast Section, 1; “College and Community: Students Ask Why Their Speaker Was Banned,” Delaware Valley Advance, 16 May 1968, 1, 6; “Keeping Sense of Values,” editorial, Bucks County Courier Times, 17 May 1968, 6; “Not an Ostrich,” letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 17 May 1968, 6; Toni Franzolino, “Collegians Cancel Homosexual’s Talk,” Bucks County Courier Times, 17 May 1968, 1; Dyanne Marron, “Protest Shows Need for Communication,” Sunday Times Adver., 19 May 1968, 1, 3; “Big ‘Family’ at College,” Bucks County Courier Times, 21 May 1968, 3; “Ad Hoc Policy Committee Confirms Ban on Leitsch,” County Collegian, 21 May 1968, 1, 3; Dan Marseglia, letter to the editor, County Collegian, 21 May 1968, 3; J. W. D., letter to the editor, Philadelphia Inquirer, 23 May 1968, Northeast Section, 1; Michael Barton, letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 23 May 1968, 6; Chuck Berry, letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 23 May 1968, 6; Thomas Beccone, letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 24 May 1968, 6; M. J. Frye, letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 29 May 1968, 6; “Interested Reader,” letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 29 May 1968, 6; Ronald Delp, letter to the editor, Philadelphia Inquirer, 30 May 1968, Northeast Section, 1; May Owen, letter to the editor, Delaware Valley Advance, 30 May 1968; Arleen Carlin and Sam Earl, “There Are Problems with a Growing College,” Bucks County Courier Times, 5 Oct. 1968, 24; “News: Censorship,” Drum, Dec. 1968, 29; Harry Cressman, letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 24 Feb. 1969, 36; Henry Deni, letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 1 Mar. 1969, 11; Harry Cressman, letter to the editor, Bucks County Courier Times, 13 Mar. 1969, 6. [U]

20 June 1968: Society for Individual Rights, Council on Religion and the Homosexual, Daughters of Bilitis, and National Legal Defense Fund demonstration against anti-LGBT bias and classification of homosexuality as mental illness at American Medical Association convention in San Francisco. Primary sources: David Perlman, “A Medical View of the Homosexual,” San Francisco Chronicle, 19 June 1968, 1, 28; David Perlman, “The Homosexuals Reply to Doctor,” San Francisco Chronicle, 21 June 1968, 1, 22; W. E. Beardemphl, “A.M.A. Attacks Homosexuals as Psychopathological,” Vector, July 1968, 5-6; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Sept. 1968, 29-30. [S]

3 July 1968: Society for Individual Rights, Council on Religion and the Homosexual, Daughters of Bilitis, and National Legal Defense Fund demonstration against anti-LGBT government discrimination at Federal Building in San Francisco (24-50 participants). Primary sources: William Cooney, “Homosexual Rally on ‘Bill of Rights,’” San Francisco Chronicle, 4 July 1968, 2; “Reminder Day,” Daughters of Bilitis San Francisco Newsletter, July 1968, 1; “San Francisco Gays Picket, Demand Rights,” Los Angeles Advocate, Aug. 1968, 2; W. E. B. [William E. Beardemphl], “Homosexuals Call for Completion of the American Revolution,” Vector, Aug. 1968, 5. [N]

4 July 1968: Eastern Regional Homophile Conference “Annual Reminder” demonstration at Independence Hall in Philadelphia (50 participants). Primary sources: “Fourth Annual Reminder,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Mar. 1968, 7; “July Fourth Demonstration,” Daughters of Bilitis Philadelphia Newsletter, July 1968, 4; “July 4^th Picket Great Success Despite Slight Site Changes,” The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, Aug. 1968, 1. [N]

18 August 1968: Demonstration at Los Angeles Police Department station against anti-LGBT police harassment at the Patch (25 participants). Primary sources: “‘Patch’ Fights Three-Way Battle,” Los Angeles Advocate, Aug. 1968, 2, 25; Dick Michaels [Richard Mitch], “‘Patch’ Raids Police Station,” The Los Angeles Advocate, Sept. 1968, 5-6; “Editorial: Courage Catches On,” The Los Angeles Advocate, Sept. 1968, 5; Michael S., “‘God Deamn Queer!’ The Los Angeles Advocate, Sept. 1968, 6; Lee Glaze, letter to the editor, Los Angeles Advocate, Oct. 1968, 19, 20; “A New Resident,” letter to the editor, Los Angeles Advocate, Oct. 1968, 20; Dick Michaels [Richard Mitch], “Landlord Lowers Boom, Closes Patch as ‘Nuisance,’” Los Angeles Advocate, Jan. 1969, 1. [B] [O] [Q]