LGBT Direct Action Bibliography, Chronology, and Inventory, 1969 – Marc Stein – October 2024

B = businesses

E = electoral politics, including politicians, public officials, and political parties

G = gay-ins and other LGBT gatherings

I = military, militarism, war

J = jails and prisons

M = media (newspapers, magazines, film, radio, television), arts, and culture

N = national, state, and local government policies and buildings, including courts

O = police

P = pride events, marches, parades, and protests

Q = LGBT targets, including organizations and businesses

R = religion, religious institutions, and religious policies

S = science, medicine, psychology, and psychiatry

U = universities, colleges, schools, and educational institutions

X = miscellaneous

1969

9 April-26 June 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom demonstrations against the firing of an openly gay employee at States Steamship Company in San Francisco (weekdays from 9 April to 12 June and then weekly on Wednesdays from 12 June to 26 June, with 6-50 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Rebel Gets Shafted by Uptight Boss,” Berkeley Barb, 4 Apr. 1969, 11; “Militant March by S.F. Homosexuals,” San Francisco Chronicle, 10 Apr. 1969, 3; “Homo Revolt Blasting Off on Two Fronts,” Berkeley Barb, 11 Apr. 1969, 11; “Pink Panthers Gay Revolution Toughening Up,” Berkeley Barb, 18 Apr. 1969, 11; “Picket!!,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 22 Apr. 1969, 1; “Gay Strike Turns Grim,” Berkeley Barb, 25 Apr. 1969, 7; “What’s Happening,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 29 Apr. 1969, 1; Jerry Weiss, “Why Are We Rocking the Boat?” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 29 Apr. 1969, 2; Leo E. Laurence, “Total Commitment To Be Gay,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 29 Apr. 1969, 2; “Escalation Begins,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 6 May 1969, 1; “Gays to Sit,” Berkeley Barb, 9 May 1969, 12, 15; “Gay Split,” Berkeley Barb, 9 May 1969, 13; “What’s Happening,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 13 May 1969, 1; Leo E. Laurence, “An Historic Battle,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 13 May 1969, 1; Ramon Contreras, “A Meaning of the States Lines Confrontation,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 13 May 1969, 1-2; Leo Laurence, “Winker Finked On—Fired,” Berkeley Barb, 16 May 1969, 9; “Homosexual Group Forms Here,” Daily Californian, 19 May 1969, 2; “Spirited Line Downtown,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 20 May 1969, 1; Morgan Pinney, “Do Your Possessions Own You,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 20 May 1969, 1; “S.F. Firm Fires Gay, Stirs Protest,” Los Angeles Advocate, May 1969, 3; “SIR Dumps Vector Editor,” Los Angeles Advocate, May 1969, 3; Leo E. Laurence, “S.I.R. Secretary Quits in Disgust,” Berkeley Barb, 6 June 1969, 11; Leo E. Laurence, “Gays Still After State,” Berkeley Barb, 27 June 1969, 11; “Laurence Recall Fails at SIR,” Los Angeles Advocate, June 1969, 8; “S.I.R. Business,” Gold Sheet, June 1969, 2; Leo Laurence, “Gays Get Panther OK,” Berkeley Tribe, 25 July 1969, 7; Gale Whittington, “CHF 1^st Victory!” Vector, July 1969, 8; “SIR Pushes for Murder Inquiry,” Los Angeles Advocate, Aug. 1969, 10. [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B]

25 April 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom, Society for Individual Rights, and Council on Religion and the Homosexual demonstrations in San Francisco and Berkeley, and motorcade from Glide Church to the Berkeley Police Department, against the killing of Frank Bartley by Berkeley police. Primary sources: Hoffman, “Inquest Finds Sadism Excusable,” Los Angeles Free Press, 11 Apr. 1969, 2; Keith Wall, letter to the editor, Los Angeles Free Press, 25 Apr. 1969, 5; Steve Haines, “Homo Death: Killer Cops at Large,” Berkeley Barb, 25 Apr. 1969, 7; “Gay Strike Turns Grim,” Berkeley Barb, 25 Apr. 1969, 7; “Protest Killing,” Berkeley Barb, 25 Apr. 1969, 7; “How U.S. Homos Are Hassled,” Berkeley Barb, 25 Apr. 1969, 7; “Calls Gay Death ‘Official Murder,’” Berkeley Barb, 25 Apr. 1969, 7; Charles Howe, “Berkeley Killing: Police Picketed by Homosexuals,” San Francisco Chronicle, 26 Apr. 1969, 4; Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 29 Apr. 1969, 1-2; “Homo Death: Group Will Act,” Berkeley Barb, 2 May 1969, 11; “Gay Split,” Berkeley Barb, 9 May 1969, 13; “Homo Murder Complaint Set,” Berkeley Barb, 16 May 1969, 12, 19; “Homo Memorial,” Berkeley Barb, 30 May 1969, 13; “Homosexuals Seek to Bar Decoys,” San Francisco Chronicle, 26 June 1969, 6; “In Memoriam: Frank V. Bartley,” Vector, June 1969, 5; “SIR Pushes for Murder Inquiry,” Los Angeles Advocate, Aug. 1969, 10. [O]

30 April-2 May 1969: Los Angeles Committee for Homosexual Freedom solidarity picketing at States Steamship Lines. “Picketing Begins in Los Angeles,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 29 Apr. 1969, 1; “Gay Strike Hits Southern Front,” Berkeley Barb, 2 May 1969, 11; Dal McIntire and Ed Jackson, “States Lines Picketing Spreads to Los Angeles,” Los Angeles Advocate, June 1969, 1, 11, 12. [B] [B] [B]

10 May 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom participation in War Resisters League grape boycott demonstration at Safeway store in San Francisco. Primary sources: “Picket Safeway May 10,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 6 May 1969, 2; “Huelga Day,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 13 May 1969, 1; “Gays Join Boycott,” Berkeley Barb, 16 May 1969, 9; “Boycott Off Take,” Berkeley Barb, 16 May 1969, 9. [B]

17, 24, and 25 May 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom demonstrations against employment discrimination at Tower Records in San Francisco (15 participants). Primary sources: Leo Laurence, “Winker Finked On—Fired,” Berkeley Barb, 16 May 1969, 9; “Second Front Opens at Tower,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 20 May 1969, 1; “Gays Get Tougher,” Berkeley Barb, 23 May 1969, 31; Leo E. Laurence, “Gays Hold Tight As Hoods Attack,” Berkeley Barb, 30 May 1969, 13; “V-T Day: Victory Scored at Tower Records,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 5 June 1969, 1-2; “Gays Win: Record Dealer Bows to Gays, Rehires Clerk,” Berkeley Barb, 6 June 1969, 11; “S.I.R. Business,” Gold Sheet, June 1969, 2; Leo Laurence, “Gays Get Panther OK,” Berkeley Tribe, 25 July 1969, 7; Gale Whittington, “CHF 1^st Victory!” Vector, July 1969, 8; “Pickets Win; Tower Records Rehires Boy,” The Los Angeles Advocate, Aug. 1969, 6, 35; “SIR Pushes for Murder Inquiry,” Los Angeles Advocate, Aug. 1969, 10. [B] [B] [B]

28 June-3 July 1969: LGBT riots to protest police raid on the Stonewall Inn in New York (500-3000 participants, 21-22 arrested). Primary sources: “Village Raid Stirs Melee,” New York Post, 28 June 1969, 4; Dennis Eskow, “3 Cops Hurt As Bar Raid Riles Crowd,” New York Daily News, 29 Jun. 1969, 30; “4 Policemen Hurt in ‘Village’ Raid: Melee near Sheridan Square Follows Action at Bar,” New York Times, 29 June 1969, 33; “Police Again Rout ‘Village’ Youths: Outbreak by 400 Follows a Near-Riot over Raid,” New York Times, 30 June 1969, 22; “N.Y. Homosexuals Protest Raids,” Washington Post, 1 July 1969, E2; “Hostile Crowd Dispersed Near Sheridan Square,” New York Times, 3 July 1969, 19; “Cop Injured: 5 Seized in Village,” New York Post, 3 July 1969; Lucian Truscott IV, “Gay Power Comes to Sheridan Square,” Village Voice, 3 July 1969, 1, 18; Howard Smith, “View from Inside: Full Moon over the Stonewall,” Village Voice, 3 July 1969, 1, 25; Leo Laurence, “Gays Hit NY Cops,” Berkeley Barb, 4 July 1969, 5; Jerry Lisker, “Homo Nest Raided, Queen Bees Are Stinging Mad,” New York Daily News, 6 July 1969, M1, M6; Jay Levin, “The Gay Anger behind the Riots,” New York Post, 8 July 1969, 36; Ronnie Di Brienza, “Stonewall Incident,” East Village Other, 9 July 1969, 2; “Queen Power: Fags against Pigs in Stonewall Bust,” Rat, 9 July 1969, 6; letters to the editor, Village Voice, 10 July 1969, 4, 49; Walter Troy Spencer, “Last Call: Too Much My Dear,” Village Voice, 10 July 1969, 36; Bill Wingell, “Great to Be Gay: A Time for Holding Hands,” Distant Drummer, 10 July 1969, 8; E. W., letter to the editor, New York Post, 11 July 1969, 40; John Gabree, “Homosexuals Harassed in New York,” National Guardian, 12 July 1969, 14; Jefferson Fuck Poland, “Lady Inspectors,” Berkeley Barb, 16 July 1969, 17; Leo E. Laurence, “Mafia in the Middle,” Berkeley Tribe, 18 July 1969, 13; Lige [Elijah Hadyn Clarke] and Jack [John Richard Nichols], “Pampered Perverts,” Screw, 25 July 1969, 16; Leo Laurence, “Gays Get Panther OK,” Berkeley Tribe, 25 July 1969, 7; [Dick Leitsch], “The Hairpin Drop Heard around the World,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, July 1969, 21-23; D. L. [Dick Leitsch], “Gay Riots,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, July 1969, 24-25; William B. Kelley, “Riot, Tree-Cutting Mark NYC Gay Scene,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, July 1969, 7; Len Lear, “‘Gay Power’ Brigade Burns New York Bar,” Philadelphia Tribune, 5 Aug. 1969, 28; C. Thorp, “Go to Christopher Street,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 25 Aug. 1969, 3; D. L. [Dick Leitsch], “Gay Riots in the Village,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 1-2, 4; D. L. [Dick Leitsch], “The Stonewall Riots: The Police Story,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 5-6; D. L. [Dick Leitsch], “The Stonewall Riots: The Gay View,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 13-14; “D.D.’s New York,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 18-19; “Boys Out of Jail,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 19; Bobbie Huff, “N.Y. Po-lice Scream at Queens,” Magpie, Aug. 1969, 14; Editorial, Tangents, Aug. 1969, 2; “Tangents,” Tangents, Aug. 1969, 14-15; A. B. and C. F. [Ada Bello and Carole Friedman], “Give Me Liberty Or…,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 1-2; A. B. [Ada Bello], “The Second Largest Minority,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 2; The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, Aug. 1969, 1-3; Dick Leitsch, “Police Raid on N.Y. Club Sets Off First Gay Riot,” Los Angeles Advocate, Sept. 1969, 3, 11-12; Homophile Youth Movement, “Get the Mafia and the Cops Out of Gay Bars,” c. 29 June 1969, reprinted in Gay Power (1.2), c. Sept. 1969, 3; “The Birth of Gay Power,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Sept. 1969, 1-2; Nancy L. Ross, “Homosexual Revolution,” Washington Post, 25 Oct. 1969, C1-C2; “Policing the Third Sex,” Newsweek, 27 Oct. 1969, 76-77; Christopher Cory, “The Homosexual: Newly Visible, Newly Understood,” TIME, 31 Oct. 1969, 56-67; “Homophile News Fronts,” Vector, Oct. 1969, 4; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Oct. 1969, 40; Don Jackson, “Reflections on the N.Y. Riots,” Los Angeles Advocate, Oct. 1969, 11, 33; Charles P. Thorp, letter to the editor, Los Angeles Advocate, Nov. 1969, 20; Tom Burke, “The New Homosexuality,” Esquire, Dec. 1969, 178, 304-318; Lige and Jack, “Remember the Stonewall!” GAY, 29 June 1970, 5. [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q]

2 July-6 August 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom weekly Wednesday demonstrations against employment discrimination at States Steamship Company in San Francisco. Primary sources: Julie Smith, “Homophile Gay-Is-Good Movement,” San Francisco Chronicle, 2 July 1969, 22; Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 8 July 1969, 1; Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 31 July 1969, 2; Gale Whittington, “CHF 1^st Victory!” Vector, July 1969, 8. [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B]

3 July 1969: Society for Individual Rights march to military recruiting stations in San Francisco. Primary sources: “Gays Confront Gov’t.,” Vector, July 1969, 11. [I]

4 July-1 August 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom weekly Friday demonstrations against government policies at the Federal Building in San Francisco. Primary sources: Leo Laurence, “Gays Still After State,” Berkeley Barb, 27 June 1969, 11; Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 8 July 1969, 1; Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 31 July 1969, 2. [N] [N] [N] [N] [N]

4 July 1969: Fifth Annual Reminder, sponsored by Eastern Regional Conference of Homophile Organizations, at Independence Hall in Philadelphia (60-150 participants). Primary sources: A. B. [Ada Bello], “In the Movement,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, May 1969, 4-5; “Gay Is Good,” Queen’s Quarterly, Summer 1969, 38-39, 51-52; Bill Wingell, “Great to Be Gay: A Time for Holding Hands,” Distant Drummer, 10 July 1969, 8; “150 Homosexuals Parade Before Independence Hall to Protest Mistreatment,” Philadelphia Tribune, 12 July 1969, 5; Len Lear, “Confederate Flag Flies Atop White House,” Philadelphia Tribune, 15 July 1969, 9, 28; “Reminder Day Demonstration,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, July 1969, 6; “In the News,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, July 1969, 9; “The Fifth Fourth,” The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, July 1969, 1-2; “Gays Confront Gov’t.,” Vector, July 1969, 11; Len Lear, “‘Gay Power’ Brigade Burns New York Bar,” Philadelphia Tribune, 5 Aug. 1969, 28; The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, Aug. 1969, 2-3; A. B. [Ada Bello], “The Second Largest Minority,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 2; The Ladder, Oct. 1969, front cover, 39-40, back cover. [N]

10-12 July 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom demonstrations against anti-LGBT discrimination at Funland in San Francisco. Primary sources: Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 8 July 1969, 1. [B] [B] [B]

14 and 19 July 1969: LGBT participation in demonstrations at Women’s House of Detention in New York. Primary sources: “From Outside the Pen,” Rat, late July 1969, 4; Leo Skir, “Gay Liberation,” The Ladder, Feb. 1970, 8-13. [J] [J]

27 July 1969: Mattachine Society of New York and Daughters of Bilitis New York “gay power vigil” and march from Washington Square to the Stonewall Inn (500 participants). Primary sources: “From Outside the Pen,” Rat, late July 1969, 4; Jonathan Black, “Gay Power Hits Back,” Village Voice, 31 July 1969, 1, 3; Len Lear, “‘Gay Power’ Brigade Burns New York Bar,” Philadelphia Tribune, 5 Aug. 1969, 28; William B. Kelley, “Gaylimnufry,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 2; Lige Clark and Jack Nichols, “N. Y. Gays: Will the Spark Die?” Los Angeles Advocate, Sept. 1969, 3, 12; Lige and Jack, “New York Notes,” Los Angeles Advocate, Oct. 1969, 6, 8; “Gay Liberation Meetings” and “The Gay Power Vigil,” The Ladder, Oct. 1969, 40-41; Marty Stephan, “Bitch: Summer’s Not Forever,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 12; Tom Burke, “The New Homosexuality,” Esquire, Dec. 1969, 178, 304-318; Leo Skir, “Gay Liberation,” The Ladder, Feb. 1970, 8-13. [B] [N] [O]

10 August 1969: Mattachine Society of New York and Daughters of Bilitis New York demonstration against antigay vigilantism in a Kew Gardens park (50-100 participants). Primary sources: David Bird, “Trees in a Queens Park Cut Down as Vigilantes Harass Homosexuals,” New York Times, 1 July 1969, 1, 29; “Vigilantes Chop Up ‘Homosexual’ Park,” San Francisco Chronicle, 1 July 1969, 5; David Bird, “Queens Resident Says the Police Stood By as Park Trees Were Cut,” New York Times, 2 July 1969, 38; S; Al Sostchen and Timothy Lee, “Heckscher: Probe Anti-Homosexual Vandals,” New York Post, 2 July 1969, 32; Dirck van Sickie, letter to the editor, New York Post, 3 July 1969; “Police Did Answer Call on Cut Trees,” New York Times, 3 July 1969, 29; William Primavera, letter to the editor, New York Times, 3 July 1969, 30; David Bird, “2d Witness Tells of Park Tree-Cutting,” New York Times, 4 July 1969, 25; John Bickford, letter to the editor, New York Times, 5 July 1969, 18; “Arboreal Vandals in Queens,” New York Times, 7 July 1969, 32; David Bird, “Police Continuing Inquiry on Trees,” New York Times, 16 July 1969, 50; “Vigilantes Destroy Park,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, July 1969, 25; William B. Kelley, “Riot, Tree-Cutting Mark NYC Gay Scene,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, July 1969, 7; “KKK Rides in Queens,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 8-9; “Vandalism in Park,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 10; “Vigilantes Destroy Park,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, c. Aug. 1969, 24-25; “Tangents,” Tangents, Aug. 1969, 12-13; The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, Aug. 1969, 1-2; “Inquiries Still Open in Tree-Chopping at Park in Queens,” New York Times, 18 Sept. 1969, 49; “Kew Gardens Rally,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Sept. 1969, 4; “‘Vigilantes Destroy N.Y. Park to Rout Homosexuals,” Los Angeles Advocate, Sept. 1969, 26; “The Birth of Gay Power,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Sept. 1969, 1-2; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Oct. 1969, 38; “Tangents,” Tangents, Oct. 1969, 17; Marty Stephen, “Bitch: Summer’s Not Forever,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 12; “Cross Currents, The Ladder, Dec. 1969, 29. [X]

12 September 1969: Gay Liberation Front New York demonstration against advertising policy censorship and anti-LGBT bias at the Village Voice. Primary sources: “News,” Gay Power (1.2), c. Sept. 1969, 22; Leo E. Laurence, “‘Homosexuals’ Play on U.C. Campus,” Berkeley Tribe, 10 Oct. 1969, 11; Lige and Jack, “New York Notes,” Los Angeles Advocate, Nov. 1969, 26; Mike Brown, Michael Tallman, and Leo Louis Martello, “The Summer of Gay Power and the VV Exposed,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 10-11; “Village Voice Blackout?” GAY, 1 Dec. 1969, 10; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Dec. 1969, 32. [M]

28 September 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Theban Band protest in support of United Farm Workers grape boycott at Safeway store in Berkeley (1 arrest). Primary sources: “Unsafe,” Berkeley Tribe, 26 Sept. 1969, 4; Marcus, “Safeway Theatre: Gale’s Bust,” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Oct. 1969, 7; Don Jackson, “Gay Militants Demonstrate for Rights at UC, Berkeley,” Los Angeles Advocate, Dec. 1969, 1, 3. [B]

1 October 1969: Gay Liberation Front New York protest at League of Women Voters mayoral candidates’ forum at Temple Torah (13 participants). Primary sources: “Lindsay, Procaccino and Marchi Face Same Audience and Change the Mind of No One,” New York Times, 3 Oct. 1969, 30; “Procaccino: Jail or Asylum,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 4-5; Gay Commandoes, “The October Rebellion,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 5; Leo Louis Martello, “Gay Liberators Confront N.Y. Mayoralty Candidates,” Los Angeles Advocate, Dec. 1969, 3, 12. [E]

5 October 1969: Theban Band, Gay Liberation Theatre, and Gay Guerilla Theatre performance at University of California, Berkeley, “disorientation” event. Primary sources: Don Jackson, “Gay Liberation Movement,” Berkeley Barb, 10 Oct. 1969, 12; Leo E. Laurence, “‘Homosexuals’ Play on U.C. Campus,” Berkeley Tribe, 10 Oct. 1969, 11; Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 16 Oct. 1969, 1; Leo Laurence, “Rock Hop Gay Ball,” Berkeley Tribe, 24 Oct. 1969, 13; “Gay Liberation Theatre,” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Nov. 1969, 8-9; Don Jackson, “Gay Militants Demonstrate for Rights at UC, Berkeley,” Los Angeles Advocate, Dec. 1969, 1, 3. [U]

7 October 1969: Gay Liberation Front New York protest at mayoral candidates’ forum at Greenwich Village Association (40 participants). Primary sources: Ralph Hall, “GLF News,” Gay Power (1.4), c. Oct. 1969, 9. [E]

12 October 1969: Gay Liberation Front New York participation in “Free the Fort Dix 38” demonstration at Fort Dix, New Jersey, military base (5 participants). Primary sources: “Gas Disperses 5,000 at Dix,” Morning Call (Paterson, NJ), 13 Oct. 1969, 1; “Gas Repels Fort Dix ‘Invaders,’” Courier-News (Bridgewater, NJ), 13 Oct. 1969, 1; Ralph Hall, “Gay Liberation Front,” Gay Power (1.5), c. Oct. 1969, 18. [I]

15 October 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom, Gay Liberation Front Berkeley, and Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles participation in National Vietnam Moratorium Day protests in San Francisco and Berkeley; Gay Liberation Front New York participation in New York. Primary sources: Ralph Hall, “Gay Liberation Front,” Gay Power (1.5), c. Oct. 1969, 18; “Gay Liberation Theatre,” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Nov. 1969, 8-9; “Anti-War March Includes Gays,” GAY, 1 Dec. 1969, 3. [I] [I] [I]

15 October 1969: Gay Guerilla Theatre, Committee for Homosexual Freedom, and Gay Liberation Front zap of Society for Individual Rights meeting to protest its refusal to participate in the National Vietnam Moratorium in San Francisco (12 participants). Primary sources: Leo Laurence, “Gays at War on Western Front,” Berkeley Tribe, 10 Oct. 1969, 22; Committee on Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 16 Oct. 1969; “Liberationists Bolt Gay Establishment,” Berkeley Tribe, 17 Oct. 1969, 23; Stevens, “SIR?” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Nov. 1969, 7. [I] [Q]

24 October 1969: Gay Guerrilla Theatre protest at Tavern Guild’s Beaux Arts Ball in San Francisco (40-50 protesters). Primary sources: Leo E. Laurence, “Wear Your Gown All Year Round,” Berkeley Tribe, 31 Oct. 1969, 8; “Gay ‘Guerillas’ Picket Drag Ball,” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Nov. 1969, 1, 2, 10, 16. [Q]

31 October 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Gay Liberation Front San Francisco demonstration against anti-LGBT bias at San Francisco Examiner and sit-in to protest police violence at City Hall (45-100 participants; 15 arrests). Primary sources: Robert Patterson, “The Dreary Revels of S.F. ‘Gay’ Clubs,” San Francisco Examiner, 25 Oct. 1969, 8; “Gay Liberation Front,” Berkeley Barb, 31 Oct. 1969, 6; Leo E. Laurence, “Gays Penetrate Examiner,” Berkeley Tribe, 31 Oct. 1969, 4; Jerry Carroll, “Gay Melee at Examiner,” San Francisco Chronicle, 1 Nov. 1969, 5; “Protesting Homosexuals Seize City Hall in S.F.,” Washington Post, 1 Nov. 1969, A2; “Police Break Up Odd Gathering,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 1 Nov. 1969, 7; “Gay ‘Guerillas’ Picket Drag Ball,” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Nov. 1969, 1, 2, 10, 16; “S.F. Paper Picketed; 12 Held,” Oakland Tribune, 2 Nov. 1969, 2; “Ink Poured on Protesting Homosexuals,” Santa Rosa Press Democrat, 3 Nov. 1969, 8; “Tactical Squad Breaks up Melee at SF Newspaper,” Chico Enterprise-Record, 3 Nov. 1969, 17; “Bad Day for Gay Group,” San Francisco Chronicle, 4 Nov. 1969, 37; “Tough Day for SF’s Gay Liberation,” Santa Rosa Press Democrat, 4 Nov. 1969, 14; John James, “Out of the Bars and Into the Street,” San Francisco Good Times, 6 Nov. 1970, 6-7; Leo E. Laurence, “Gay Fifteen Get Shaft,” Berkeley Tribe, 7 Nov. 1969, 7, 27; Leo E. Lawrence, “Gays Rising Up Angry,” Berkeley Tribe, 7 Nov. 1969, 8; “Goons Gang Gay Guerillas,” Berkeley Barb, 7 Nov. 1969, 6; Larry Clarkson, “A Fairy Tale,” San Francisco Free Press, 15 Nov. 1969, 1, 2; Marcus Overseth, “24 Hours: From Bust to Bail,” San Francisco Free Press, 15 Nov. 1969, 3; Leo Laurence, “Blow Job and Other Stories,” Berkeley Tribe, 21 Nov. 1969, 11; “Didn’t Finger Gays Says City Cop,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 9; William Kelley, “L.A., S.F. Papers Picketed,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Nov. 1969, 7; Reese Erlich, “Berkeley’s Berlandt, Gay Liberation for Gay Dignity,” Los Angeles Free Press, 5 Dec. 1969, 5; Don Jackson, “First Bloodshed in Gay Freedom Struggle,” Gay Power (1.7), c. Dec. 1969, 16, 20, 21; Ralph Hall, “Gay Liberation Front,” Gay Power (1.8), c. Dec. 1969, 9; Del Martin, “Crime in the Streets,” Vector, Dec. 1969, 9; “S.I.R. Holds Firm,” Berkeley Barb, 23 Jan. 1969, 7; Del Martin, “Examiner Accused of Yellow Journalism” and “Alvarez Not Guilty,” Vector, Jan. 1970, 7; “Homophile News Fronts,” Vector, Jan. 1970, 20; “S.F. Cops Arrest 12 Pickets after Melee at Examiner,” Los Angeles Advocate, Jan. 1970, 2, 10; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Feb. 1970, 36; M. Overseth, “Inside Look at Where We Stand,” San Francisco Free Press, Apr. 1970, 5. [N] [O] [M]

5 November 1969: Homosexual Information Center demonstration against advertising policy censorship and anti-LGBT bias at the Los Angeles Times (15-50 participants). Primary sources: “Tangents,” Tangents, Oct. 1969, 10; “Homosexual Unit Pickets the Times,” Los Angeles Times, 6 Nov. 1969, 11; Leo E. Laurence, “Times Hung Up,” Berkeley Tribe, 7 Nov. 1969, 6; E. Sam Jones, “Gays Picket L.A. Times,” Los Angeles Free Press, 14 Nov. 1969, 11; William Kelley, “L.A., S.F. Papers Picketed,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Nov. 1969, 7; “Los Angeles Times Under Attack,” GAY, 1 Dec. 1969, 3; “Gays Picket Los Angeles Times,” GAY, 31 Dec. 1969, 3; “Tangents Urges L.A. Times Boycott,” Los Angeles Advocate, Dec. 1969, 2; Jeff Buckley, “Los Angeles ’69,” Vector, Dec. 1969, 12; “Gays Picket L.A. Times over Paper’s Ad Policy,” Los Angeles Advocate, Jan. 1970, 2; “L.A. Times Gives In; ‘Homosexual’ in Ads,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 5. [M]

12 November 1969: Radical Sexual Coalition demonstration against anti-LGBT media bias at TIME magazine in New York. Primary sources: “Major Mags Go Gay,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Dec. 1969, 10, 12; “News,” Gay Power (1.7), c. Dec. 1969, 6; Ralph Hall, “Gay Liberation Front,” Gay Power (1.7), c. Dec. 1969, 8; “Picketing TIME,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Dec. 1969, 8; Madolin Cervantes, “Is Militancy the Answer,” Gay Power (1.14), c. Apr. 1970, 8. [M]

14-15 November 1969: Gay Liberation Front New York and North American Conference of Homophile Organizations Youth Committee participation in antiwar moratorium demonstrations in Washington, D.C. Primary sources: Earl Galvin, Dan Smith, and Mike Brown, “Washington Moratorium: 3 Views,” Come Out!, 10 Jan. 1970; “Homophile News Fronts,” Vector, Mar. 1970, 24. [I] [I]

15 November 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom, Gay Liberation Front Berkeley, Gay Liberation Theatre, and Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles participation in antiwar moratorium demonstration in San Francisco (400-500 participants). Primary sources: Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 16 Oct. 1969, 1; “Gay Liberation Theatre,” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Nov. 1969, 8-9; “Gay Mobe,” Berkeley Tribe, 14 Nov. 1969, 3; Jim Ames and Bill Martin, “Protesters Have Their Big Parade,” Oakland Tribune, 16 Nov. 1969, 1, 7; Don Jackson, “Gay Liberation Peace March,” Berkeley Barb, 21 Nov. 1969, 5; “SFL Has Balls,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 4; Jefferson Fuck Poland, letter to the editor, Berkeley Barb, 5 Dec. 1969, 14; Michael Francis Itkin, “The Homosexual Liberation Movement: What Direction?” Berkeley Barb, 5 Dec. 1969, 16; Michael Francis Itkin, “The Homosexual Liberation Movement: What Direction?” San Francisco Free Press, 7 Dec. 1969, 8; Don Jackson, “Gay Liberation Peace March,” Gay Power (1.7), c. Dec. 1969, 16. [I]

15-16 November 1969: Committee for Homosexual Law Reform march to the California State Building in support of state sodomy law reform in Los Angeles (100-200 participants). Primary sources: Leo Laurence, “Blow Job and Other Stories,” Berkeley Tribe, 21 Nov. 1969, 11; “March on Court,” Los Angeles Free Press, 21 Nov. 1969, 10; Don Jackson, “Los Angeles Gay Establishment,” Berkeley Barb, 28 Nov. 1969, 15; Don Jackson, “LA March,” San Francisco Free Press, 7 Dec. 1969, 4; Don Jackson, “L.A. Gay Power,” Berkeley Barb, 12 Dec. 1969, 6; “Los Angeles Clergyman Leads 200 in Sex-Law Protest March,” GAY, 31 Dec. 1969, 3, 10; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Feb. 1970, 37. [N] [N]

27 November 1969: Committee for Homosexual Freedom, Gay Liberation Front, Gay Guerilla Theatre, and Sexual Freedom League rally in Union Square and march to anti-LGBT businesses, including Delta and Western Airlines, Tom Cat Theater, Trap bar, and Greyhound Bus Terminal in San Francisco (100-200 participants). Primary sources: Leo Laurence, “Gays vs. KFOG,” Berkeley Tribe, 14 Nov. 1969, 13; Leo Laurence, “Blow Job and Other Stories,” Berkeley Tribe, 21 Nov. 1969, 11; Leo Laurence, “Instead of Turkey, Tender Loins,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 9; Leo E. Laurence, “Gays Get Rise Out of Delta,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 11, 27; Don Burton, “Flying Straight: Coffee, Tea, or Me,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 15; “Gays Bend KFOG,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 27; “Gays Not Thankful,” Berkeley Barb, 5 Dec. 1969, 5; Leo E. Laurence, “Making Tracks Through San Fran,” Berkeley Tribe, 5 Dec. 1969, 24; “Anti-Thanksgiving March Stuns Exploiters,” San Francisco Free Press, 7 Dec. 1969, 2; Francis Itkin, “Delta Sexual Fascism,” San Francisco Free Press, 7 Dec. 1969, 2; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Feb. 1970, 37. [B]

6 December 1969: Committee for Homosexual Law Reform motorcade for state sodomy law reform in Los Angeles (140 participants). Primary sources: Don Jackson, “L.A. Gay Power,” Berkeley Barb, 12 Dec. 1969, 6; Douglas Key, “Homosexual Motorcade Freaks Hollywood Blvd.,” Los Angeles Free Press, 12 Dec. 1969, 9; “More Demonstrations Set for Dec. 6, Jan. 11,” Los Angeles Advocate, Jan. 1970, 1; “CHLR Sponsors Gay Motorcade,” Los Angeles Advocate, Feb. 1970, 3. [N]

17-24 December 1969: Gay Liberation Front New York peace vigil at Women’s House of Detention. Primary sources: Gay Liberation Front Bulletin, 23 Dec. 1969, 1; “Community Bulletin Board,” Come Out!, 10 Jan. 1970, 2. [J] [J] [J] [J] [J] [J] [J] [J]

26-30 December 1969: Gay sex protest on church altar in Berkeley during five-day gay liberation symposium (5-6 participants). Primary sources: Leo Laurence, “Doin’ It on the Altar,” Berkeley Tribe, 2 Jan. 1970, 7; Leo E. Laurence, “Gay God Squad,” Berkeley Tribe, 9 Jan. 1970, 10. [R]

30 December 1969: Gay Liberation Front Berkeley and Students for Gay Power “kiss-in” at the University of California, Berkeley. Primary sources: “U.C. Berkeley Students for Gay Power Blow Some Minds,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Berkeley Gay Liberation Front Newsletter, 18 Jan. 1970, 2; Don Jackson, “Tele Kiss-In,” Gay Power (1.9) c. Jan. 1970, 5, 19; “Gay Lovers Now Personae Gratae on UC Campus,” San Francisco Chronicle, 25 Mar. 1970, 2l; Konstantin Berlandt, “Cheek to Cheek,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Mar. 1970. [U]

30 December 1969: LGBT participation in People’s Park march and rally in Berkeley, California. Don Jackson, “Gay Lib Conference & Symposium,” San Francisco Free Press, Jan. 1970, 9. [U]

31 December 1969: Gay Liberation Front New York demonstration at New York City Hall. Primary sources: Gay Liberation Front Bulletin, 23 Dec. 1969, 1. [N]